Gedong Songo Temple: A Journey Through History and Mythology
Gedong Songo Temple is a Hindu temple complex located in Candi Village, Bandungan District, Semarang Regency. One of its most intriguing aspects is its name, “Gedong Songo,” which means “nine buildings” in Javanese. However, only five temples remain intact today, while the others have deteriorated into ruins. Despite this, the site continues to attract numerous visitors with its rich historical significance and cultural value.
History of Gedong Songo Temple
Gedong Songo Temple dates back to the 8th century AD and is believed to be a remnant of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. The site was first rediscovered in 1804 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, the British governor of Java, who recognized its importance as a Hindu cultural landmark.
Initially, the site was called Gedong Pitu Temple, as only seven temples had been found. Dutch archaeologist Van Stein Callenfels discovered two more temples between 1908 and 1911, and the name was changed to Gedong Songo, meaning “nine buildings.”
Gedong Songo Temple has undergone several restoration efforts. The first was undertaken by the Dutch colonial government between 1928 and 1929. A second restoration was carried out by the Indonesian government from 1972 to 1982. In 1997, the Central Java Historical and Archaeological Heritage Center further organized the site. On October 26, 2015, the temple was declared a National Cultural Heritage Area by Indonesia’s Ministry of Education and Culture.
The Significance of Gedong Songo Temple
Gedong Songo Temple was built as a place of worship for Hindu deities, evidenced by statues of Shiva Mahakala, Shiva Mahaguru, and Ganesha found at the site. In Hindu mythology, mountains are considered the dwelling places of gods, and the temple’s location on Mount Ungaran aligns with this belief. Hindus believe that praying at elevated places brings them closer to the gods and the heavens.
The Unique Layout of the Gedong Songo Temple Complex
Although the name suggests nine temples, only five temples are still intact. These are:
- Gedong I Temple – Located closest to the entrance, at 1,209 meters above sea level.
- Gedong II Temple – Situated 337 meters northwest of Gedong I, at 1,264 meters above sea level.
- Gedong III Temple – 117 meters from Gedong II Temple, this structure is slightly higher.
- Gedong IV Temple – The largest group of temples, located west of Gedong III.
- Gedong V Temple – Perched on a hill at over 1,310 meters above sea level.
Visitors need physical endurance to explore the entire complex, but horse rentals are available for those who prefer a more relaxed tour of the site.
Legends and Myths of Gedong Songo Temple
The local population believes that the Gedong Songo Temple complex is closely linked to the Javanese puppet tale of Hanoman and Dasamuka (Ravana), where Hanoman buried Dasamuka alive during the battle to rescue Dewi Sinta at Mount Ungaran, the site of the temple.
Another legend speaks of a mysterious tenth temple. While only nine temples have been discovered, locals believe that a hidden temple exists on the highest peak, beyond the sulfur springs. This spot is considered haunted, and few dare to visit. According to the legend, only those with supernatural abilities can see this elusive temple.
Visiting Gedong Songo Temple: Tips and Advice
Gedong Songo Temple is a popular tourist destination, and here are some helpful tips for your visit:
- Arrive Early: Visiting in the morning allows you to enjoy the fresh mountain air and avoid crowds.
- Wear Comfortable Shoes: The terrain can be challenging, so it’s best to wear sturdy footwear for exploring.
- Bring a Jacket: The temperature can drop quickly in the mountainous region.
- Respect Health Protocols: Follow local health and safety guidelines during your visit.
For a more convenient experience, you can opt for a guided tour package that includes transportation and lodging. Several travel agencies offer comprehensive Semarang tour packages, including a visit to Gedong Songo Temple.
How to Get to Gedong Songo Temple
Gedong Songo Temple is located in Bandungan District, Semarang Regency, Central Java. The temple is easily accessible from major cities like Semarang, Salatiga, or Ambarawa. To reach the temple, follow the Semarang-Solo or Semarang-Yogyakarta route, and then head towards Karangjati Market. From there, signs will direct you to the temple complex.
Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a cultural explorer, or simply someone looking for a serene getaway, Gedong Songo Temple offers a unique blend of spirituality, history, and natural beauty. Plan your visit and immerse yourself in the enchanting history and legends that surround this ancient temple.
